Rogan art is an ancient painting technique from Gujarat, with a history spanning 1,550 years. The word "Rogan" comes from the Sanskrit term Rogan Chhap, which means "work with color." This art form uses a special paste made from castor oil and natural pigments to create beautiful designs on fabric. It is also known as the "Drying Oil Technique."
Over time, Rogan art has developed into three main styles: Rogan Chhap, Nirmika Rogan Chhap, and Varnika Rogan Chhap. Each style has its own charm and process.
The History of Rogan Art
Rogan art is believed to have started in the 5th century. Researchers found evidence of similar techniques in Buddha’s caves in the Bamiyan region of the Hindu Kush valley. This discovery highlights the deep history and significance of this art form.
Types of Rogan Art Painting (Three Styles of Rogan Art)
1. Rogan Chhap
This is the traditional way of making Rogan art, done entirely by hand.
How It’s Done:
Making the Paste:
Castor oil is boiled for several hours to thicken it. Then, natural pigments and chalk powder are mixed in to create a colorful paste.
Painting the Design:
The artist uses a metal stick to apply the paste onto fabric in freehand patterns.
For symmetrical designs, the fabric is folded to transfer the pattern to the other side.
Finishing Touches:
The fabric is dried in sunlight, and small details are added to complete the design.
2. Nirmika Rogan Chhap
This style uses tools like brass molds to create neat, repetitive patterns.
How It’s Done:
Using Molds:
The Rogan paste is filled into brass molds with carved designs.
These molds are pressed onto the fabric to transfer the patterns.
Drying the Fabric:
The printed fabric is placed in sunlight to set the designs.
3. Varnika Rogan Chhap
This style is more decorative, with extra colors and embellishments.
How It’s Done:
Creating the Base Design:
A single-color design is painted freehand, similar to Rogan Chhap.
Adding Decorations:
Additional colors are painted over the base design using a brush. Glitter or mica is sometimes added for sparkle.
Drying:
The fabric is dried in sunlight to preserve the design’s beauty.
Keeping the Art Alive
Today, Rogan art is practiced mainly in Kutch. Among the artists, Ashish Kansara from Madhapar village is known for his expertise in all three styles of Rogan art. His dedication ensures that this ancient craft continues to thrive.
Rogan art is more than just painting; it’s a piece of history brought to life with vibrant colors and delicate designs.
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